Role and evolution of the hero in literature - 1472 Words

If Hero means sincere man, why may not everyone of us be a Hero? (Carlyle, qtd. in Hoyt s New Cyclopedia of Practical Quotations). This statement makes heroism seem simple, but is being sincere enough to make you a hero? In modern society, the answer is likely to be yes, but in literature, it can be controversial. A hero in literature is generally portrayed as a man of action rather than thought. He exceeds ordinary men in skill, strength, and courage and his usual occupations are war and dangerous adventures. Surrounded by noble peers, he is ruled by honor and pride and is ruthless towards his enemies. His responses are generally predictable and his inability to decline a challenge can sometimes get him into trouble. The†¦show more content†¦He is a strong, proud, honored hero. However, we also come in contact with this heroes direct counterpart whose actions appeal to our emotions, rather than our sense of adventure. This is the humble hero. Unlike the classic hero, he is not extremely strong, and not necessarily handsome. His beliefs are not expressed through some miraculous feats of strength, but rather through his ability to do the right thing. His actions often go unnoticed and are even sometimes criticized like in Harper Lees book, To Kill A Mockingbird. When Atticus Finch agrees to defend a black man in court the community looks upon him as a Niger lover. Even before he accepts the case, Atticus knows people will disapprove, but he is a honest man who stands up for what he believes in. His noble action is considered foolish and disgraceful and brings him no rewards whatsoever, but to Atticus, justice and the gratitude of a black family are more important than the opinion of people who prove to be white trash. Atticus shows a different kind of bravery. He is heroic enough to do the right thing. The third type of hero we encounter in literature is the clever hero who uses his mind instead of his muscles to outsmart his enemies. We encounter this type of hero in Howard Pyle s book, The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood. Robin Hood is portrayed as a fun loving character. He is not one to be considered a coward and is a very proud sort of fellow. He attacksShow MoreRelatedThe Lone Ranger : Unplanned Isolation And Heroism On Turner s Frontier1742 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lone Ranger: Unplanned Isolation and Heroism on Turner’s Frontier Turner’s frontier hypothesis glorifies the independent hero displaying fortitude in the face of arduous challenge. However, in Frontier Literature, the constant theme of unplanned isolation underlies protagonists’ development from frontier wanderer to true frontier hero, serving as a prerequisite for the protagonists’ display of fortitude along the frontier. In L’amour’s The Gift of Cochise, McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses, andRead More Much Ado About Nothing Essay: Many Facets of Love Explored847 Words   |  4 Pagesand Hero, Borachio and Margaret, and Benedick and Beatrice, respectively, each represent one of the basic aspects of love. Shakespeare is careful to point out that not one path is better than another. The paths are merely different, and all end happily. Shakespeare also explores the different aspects of courtship, weddings, and the different facets of love.    The aspect of courtship in Much Ado About Nothing plays a crucial role in the development of the characters and in the evolution ofRead MoreRandle Patrick Mcmurphy, a Tragedy from the Beginning1655 Words   |  7 PagesAbhinav Brahmamdam Literature 236 5th Hour Mrs. Koen March 24, 2010 Randle Patrick McMurphy, a Tragedy from the Beginning Would you ever accept a leadership role to a group of beat down patients at a mental institution knowing the consequence would be death? Randle Patrick McMurphy does just that. McMurphy, a con man who seeks institutionalization, becomes a role model for the inmates at a hospital. These male patients are lifeless human beings who fear the institution and its ruler, Big Nurse RatchedRead MoreThe Vampire in Folklore vs the Vampire in Literature1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe vampire, from folklore to literature is described as a â€Å"dead person that awakens in the night to suck the blood out of the living†. 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Business Process Management Strategy - 2635 Words

Table of Contents Executive summary 3 BPM and Strategy 4 Problem Analysis 7 Proposed Solution 10 Solution Considerations 16 Recommendation 17 Appendix 18 Bibliography 19 Executive summary Purpose The purpose of this report is to examine the current situation of Omnicrons Pty Ltd Company and attempt to identify problems which result in declining sales and reduced profits since 2008. Methodology Research for this report is based on current literature about business process management and relevant companies, transcript of the management meeting, financial statements, and other miscellaneous information supplied by Omnicrons’ CEO. Findings The major findings indicate the lack of a streamlined computer-based†¦show more content†¦BPM needs a specific strategy and clear objectives and measures to guide improvement initiatives and determine the target of improvement efforts. It supports the competitive differentiation strategy that Omnicron is adopting, assists the positioning of Omnicron as a multitask smart wrist accessory with its exclusive features and design. BPM can help the company leave its competitors far behind by agilely responding to market changes (BPM Reports, 2007). Below is the positioning map describing where Omnicron is targeting to: Problem Analysis Ben s Omnicrons Pty Ltd is a company with a highly functional organizational structure. The managers and employees of six different departments are focusing too narrowly on their own tasks, performing them in isolation without comprehending previous and subsequent steps outside their functional â€Å"silos†, therefore losing the sight of the whole picture of the larger business process (Magal amp; Word, 2009). Lack of sufficient communication leads to lack of consideration of workers from each functional group to their consequences for the other components of the process. The company had never put much effort and time into developing streamlined, computer-based and IT utilized business process. The overwhelming reliance on paper-based manual methods to get things done has resulted in the insufficient coordination of the whole value chain. The table below specifiesShow MoreRelatedBusiness Process Outsourcing Is A New Management Strategy2990 Words   |  12 PagesBusiness process outsourcing is a new management strategy, which encompasses transfers of an organisation’s internal functions to a third party. In essence, it encompasses entrusting and ensuring a third party with company functions. The third party executes the function and meets the expectations of the company (Kozweska 2004). Company objectives primarily dictate the above expectations. 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Throughout the process, a number of participantsRead MoreInformation Technology ( It ) Is A Universal And Versatile Tool1646 Words   |  7 Pageswould lose my way. In addition, I can order pizza or anything else in the internet. In business, we cannot without it. We used for information-based system, intranet, and paperless system at work. We need a financial management system to deal with the financial things, and Decision Support System can help and support the decision and strategy. Along with IT developingï ¼Å'it is more and more important in business. It can strengthen enterprise competitiveness and promote enterprise reform. In the pastRead MorePlanning And Implementation Of An Erp Implementation1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Business As businesses grow, so do the infrastructure and processes to support their endeavors. 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Retail Marketing Plan UAE

Question: Explain about the Retail Marketing Plan for UAE? Answer: Introduction There is quiet considerable confidence and optimism in the retailers of UAE especially since the beginning of 2015. The retailers are completely ready for making more investments to expand but they also have the awareness of the external environment weaknesses that they face in UAE such as portal based competition, attraction of footfall and conversion of the same into consumers (Badran 2009). In Dubai, the retail sales by the end of 2015 are expected to reach DH billion 160 in comparison to DH billion 152 in the year 2014. The bid of Dubais expo 2020 and announcements on new malls have caused the UAE to be at the focal point of universal revolution in retail (Azzam 2008). The next coming years until the Expo will be an evident proof of regional retailers importance and new technologies investment. The retail organization selected in this paper is TK MAXX in order to explore through appropriate marketing plan, the credibility of success in the region for retailers. Company Overview TK Maxx was initially launched in the year 1994 with an introduction of off-pricing retail in the nations such as Ireland and U.K. T.K Maxx today is the individual retailer that follows traditional brick and mortar as well as off pricing strategy with regards to its products inclusive of fashion of clothes and for home to significant European population. The company first expanded itself to Germany in the year 2007. Further the company expanded to Poland in the year 2009 and then shifted to Austria in the initial months of 2015 (TKMaxx company website, 2015). The company has its operations with regard to commercial website over the web in United Kingdom. The company formed an alliance with Homesense in order to form TJX Europe. Great value is offered by T.K Max when it comes to family clothing and fashion to decorate home inclusive of footwear for women, merchandizes, lingerie, accessories items and also luggage bags. There are some of its stores that feature a Mod Box which is a specific department to gear the young customers and other feature is the gold label used to indicate high end labelled designers (TKMaxx company website, 2015). In the year 2014, the company had 407 stores approximately averaging 31000 size square feet. TJX Europe further believes that there are large number of opportunities with regard to the growth of the store and it is planned by the company to launch the company in Netherlands as well. The company collectively has 975 stores with the present chain in the present markets. (Table 1: Steady Growth in major segments for TK Maxx) (Annual Report TK Maxx, 2014) Addition of new stores has helped the company to add value and this has become the companys significant growth strategy. (Table 2: Growth in several countries for TK Maxx) (Annual Report TK Maxx, 2014) Country Comparison Analysis Three countries have been selected in order to compare them through their economic indicators and also by their retail market risk analysis with the help of risk matrix. (Appendix 1a) The following figure is a matrix comparing on a quadrant measuring risk, growth size and market rate: Figure 1: Positioning Analysis (Anthony, 2005) The following figure depicts a positioning map for TK MAXX in order to assess whether the positioning of the company is in alignment with the country positioning: Figure 2.0: As evident from the above figure, Bangladesh occupies a place in the quadrant where there is low growth and high risk. The market will not be the right choice for TK MAXX. On the contrary, the market size and growth as well as risk in Russian retail market is high but the growth is also high. However this will not be favourable for TK MAXX as it incorporates many competitors with higher risk of failure (Anthony, 2005). Focusing on UAE it is evident that there is nominal risk with higher growth opportunities. Therefore for TK MAXX, UAE has been selected. Situation Analysis There are several ecological variables that impact an organization working in a different country with different environment. Such natural elements can further be categorized as external and internal factors that impact an organization. Inner environment of any organization is inclusive of its SWOT analysis. This section will present external factors analysis that is PESTLE Analysis along with focus on internal factors such as SWOT analysis with regard to UAE. Internal factors and Risks when expanding to UAE Porters Five Force Analysis Suppliers bargain power: There is large market competition but there is higher demand too in the industry and therefore bargain power is not high but medium. Substitute Product: Actual substitutes for clothes are the small brand ranges which customers prefer buying at cheaper rates. Buyers bargain power: Significant number of choices are present within the market because of large amount of competing organizations with different types of clothing brands. Therefore there is a strong bargain power of customers. New Entrants threat: New entrants in the market are less and the small organizations do not interfere will renowned organization. The reason behind this mainly is the retail market maturity stage and therefore making market based brand value is a problem. Rivalry among competitors: Clothing industry of UAE has a market that works on oligopoly. There also exists stronger competition within this market segment irrespective of the fact that it is big company or a small one (Banna et al 2007). At the small level, there are various small brands in large numbers and at the large level, organizations such as Al Ain have captured the market share of more than 50 percent. SWOT Analysis Strengths: In UAE, TK MAXX first will have a loyal audience. TK MAXX is already a renowned company with multiple stores of brands across the world. The company also can gain advantage from further alliance like it has done with HomeSense. The company is furthermore recognized for its advertisements and promotional strategies. Weaknesses: The organization is private and may find it difficult to get funds especially with its concurrent battle with organization debts. Leather goods occupy 57 percent of sales for the company and these leather goods are not very popular in UAE. The participation of the company in e-commerce is weak and environment related unfriendly policy implemented for the company are both its major flaws (Annual Report TK Maxx, 2014) Opportunities: The growth in global market especially Asia and China has taken place which may restrict growth in UAE. Production through outsourcing is an opportunity with product alliance possibility with new partners (Banna et al 2007). Franchising, digital marketing and capturing the young customers below 25 years of age are all opportunities in UAE. Threats: Internet based transparency leading towards Burberry effect price consistency. Market based falsification is present. Competitors existing and catwalk copycat fashionables in the market are rising. External Factors and risks when expanding to UAE Political: TK MAXX is a new organization entering in UAE retail clothing industry. Therefore, there will be various company based political pressures in relation to legislations, regulations and laws that need abiding to. UAE is a nation wherein individual proprietorship of all external organizations is hardly accepted. Therefore it is required for the organization to look for another company based in UAE for distributing its market products (Annual report TK Maxx, 2014) Economical: The growth in economy for UAE is considerably high and therefore chances to each money on a large scale are present. Some economic considerations impacting TK MAXX will be higher rates of inflation and current Dubai finance crisis. Social: In the market there appears to be a changing trend in the society. Individuals have got more conscious about their fashion clothes and the way they look. Online marketing and shopping is more preferable and therefore online presence for TK MAXX will be needed. Technological: Enhanced technological usage in UAE has been seen. People prefer technologically advanced clothing stores so they do not have to travel. Marketing Objectives Deals advancement is a vital device in Integrated Marketing Communication. It gives a few particular advantages in the accomplishment of organization destinations. Under this strategy, TK Maxx can offer their items at a lower cost without bringing about a misfortune. Second, deals advancements can impact exchange (Dubai) and client conduct. There are distinctive purposes for doing deals advancements. In this way the company will be able to actualize these systems to build the quantity of clients, support deals, and pull in new clients, to contend viably or reward steadfast clients. Free blessings - Offer free merchandise alongside item being obtained. Case in point a marked make up unit including Arabian kohl which is exceptionally prevalent among Arabian females or perfumeries to clients who have gone for buys surpassing the breaking point of US$ 6000. (Anani, Ahmad, and Whittingham, 1986) From this perspective, the marketing objectives will be as follows: Specific Measurable Achievable Result-Focused Time-Bound Understanding every target market segment appropriately and then adopt more particular strategies for attracting the market based specific customer segments Formulating new product marketing strategy that helps enhance customer satisfaction by 50 percent Marketing product will peculiar and attractive design so that the challenge of large and high competitor number within the market can be tackled Making TK MAXX a leading UAE market brand as it has been in other nations such as US Engaging to make more distribution channel partners so that the market based competition can be reduced Table 1.0: TK MAXX Smart Objectives Strategy (STP Marketing) New market entry strategies For succeeding in the UAE market, TK MAXX will require to develop an essential marketing strategy and it also needs to work over the same (Fekih et al 2002). It has been preferred in this plan that out of the 3 Ansoff matrix strategies, market development strategy will be followed by the company wherein strategies are developed by acknowledging that the market being entered is new with the present product. Such marketing strategies are explained below in accordance with TK MAXX: Strategy to create market dominance: TK MAXX is known amongst those organizations which are leading in market share of most markets like US. Organizations always do not need to stay in a specific market but they always need to be sustainable in the market as well with higher marketing share in order to be leading the industry (Badran 2009). Therefore this strategy will be focused upon. For increasing the share in the market, the organization should enhance its ratio of concentration. TK Maxx will need to manufacture more clothes in its second stage of entry and will focus on capturing the markets of rural and urban UAE. TK Maxx further will promote itself through attractive strategies of advertising and also a considerable amount will be invested to promote the brand value of the company and therefore its share in the market. Generic strategies of Porter: These are the strategies that help in penetrating the market which is the individual marketing strategy scope and strength of strategy that further helps in producing market based strategic strength (Anani et al 2006). These strategies with specific focus to TK MAXX selected here are cost leadership and product differentiation. Cost leadership: TK MAXX will have to keep its price equivalent and lower than the industry average range. Companys main aim will remain in capturing the share in the market initially and when company gains success it will enhance the price when needed (Alkim et al 2009). There already is tough competition within the market and the consumer needs the best price available. Therefore product price can play a highly significant rate. It is obviously a problem for choosing a strategy especially in the situations where development of market is the focus such as in UAE where market players in large numbers are already present. Positioning TK MAXX will be positioned in the market of UAE by following series of steps as follows: Define the specific country related buyer segment: It is the countrys national population from both rural and urban areas with specific focus on age groups (15 to 30 years) Define the space of the produce: The product of clothing range will be depicted as luxury brand clothes in the market Organizing primary research in the market through perception of people being acknowledged on the current fashion clothing product Trying to depict the general strategies of the competitors towards the consumers Organization will further also try figuring the whole market at target Product final launch will also be done Objectives for positioning the brand The main purpose of TK MAXX lies in brand maintenance at all times and also to be superior to other brands in the market. The branding objectives for this positioning will lie in: To gain recognition through quality standard awards recognition Constant increase in the capture of market Positioning the company as a leading organization within the next decade with maximum market share percentage. Market Entry For succeeding in the UAE market, TK MAXX will require to develop an essential marketing strategy and it also needs to work over the same (Bahgat 2009). It has been preferred in this plan that out of the 3 Ansoff matrix strategies, market development strategy will be followed by the company wherein strategies are developed by acknowledging that the market being entered is new with the present product. Such marketing strategies are explained below in accordance with TK MAXX: Strategy to create market dominance: Organizations always do not need to stay in a specific market but they always need to be sustainable in the market as well with higher marketing share in order to be leading the industry. Therefore this strategy will be focused upon. For increasing the share in the market, the organization should enhance its ratio of concentration (Banna et al 2007). Organization will need to manufacture more clothes in its second stage of entry and will focus on capturing the markets of rural and urban UAE. Organization further will promote itself through attractive strategies of advertising and also a considerable amount will be invested to promote the brand value of the company and therefore its share in the market. Marketing Mix Program Figure 3: Marketing Mix for TK MAXX (Banna et al 2007) Product: For TK MAXX, the direct product is cost effective clothes. Organizations do not engage in changing the features and current product attributes. The designs will exclusively be exported from China and India as the services there are cheap. In UAE, TK MAXX will be responsible for separating its products into variety through consideration of UAE culture, its weather and the trend of fashion. Most of the stores in UAE believe in selling the culture of UAE through their products fixed at reasonable price without encouraging bargain. In UAE most young adults, adults and older individuals believe in buying clothes that have value, clothes that do not show their skin and polite dresses. The products provided by TK MAXX are also in complete accordance to these requirements. The climate of UAE generally remains at its heat peaks and for this people require their bodies to be covered. Fashion trend will further be considered as UAE has a Muslim kind of fashion style with borders and plain colours. Burkha will also be sold by TK MAXX in the country in order to meet the high requirement of this product. Price: Average price in the industry is high for luxury based clothes and so goods will be brought in from cheaper sources. The price range of TK Maxx products is affordable and mainly targets customers preferring the price range of low to middle. Additionally, the strategy followed will be demand based pricing as it will ensure that in the new market the company creates its excellent brand awareness, market share enhancement and customer preference for the brand being enhanced. The budget for customers kept for buying clothes depends upon demand and the preference and therefore this strategy will be suitable. Market penetration as a strategy will further be used that will ensure TK Maxx keeps a lower price for it products and attracts the customers based on the same. People: In order to satisfy the people of UAE, TK Maxx will have to focus on service and for TK Maxx globally service satisfaction is the only reason why the company produces its products. The employees will be trained by the company so as to make sure that the consumer is made comfortable and can interact easily with them to let know what they need. Process: TK Maxx has complete confidence in its self with regard to its distribution channels effectiveness, reliability and on time delivery. There are mainly three channels in the distribution system of the company inclusive of retail based stores, website of the company and the company catalogue. Additionally, the company will focus on improving customer service every day. In order to have on-time delivery the company will ensure that its distribution warehouse is near from the retail shops. Physical Evidence: The Company will use its retail stores as a medium to attract the consumer. The design of company stores as per the below figure depicts modernization and value. These will attract the customers. Moreover in UAE there is demand for large clothes as well and therefore the company will focus on the same. The company will further make use of showcasing clothes and using large posters. (Banna et al 2007) Place: Alliance will be formed with UAE based local manufacturers and suppliers in order to attain cost effective distribution channel. Promotion: Online promotion for the product will be focused upon. Furthermore, the company will make use of Fashion Magazines, fashion shows, newspapers, Television advertisements, Fashion blogs and Social networking. The cost of advertising for the company will be high in the initial promotional year. The total budget for 1st year will be 5,000,000. The total budget for second year will be 3,000,000 and that for third year will be 2,500,000. In the second and third year fashion shows will not be focused over. Product Life Cycle The company, TK Maxx will be new to the market of UAE and so the company will start from the first stage which is introductory stage. Advertisement tools will be used by the company in this stage for building awareness of their brand and to gain attention of the consumer. In this stage, focus will also be given by the organization on strategies such as Marketing mix, communicating through promotional aids along with promotion mix so as to move to the growth stage. A positive sign will be illustrated in this stage for the company with regard to brand awareness, still advertisements and marketing will be done aggressively. The third stage is the maturity stage which is an indication that an organizations products have reach their maximum ability and will start to deteriorate in the coming days. This is when TK Maxx will decide on releasing its new fashion collection by launching new advertisement strategies for gaining awareness of brand and hence mad customers attracted and become loy al consumers to TK Maxx. (Banna et al 2007) Gap Analysis (Gap Analysis for TK MAXX) (Fekih et al 2002) As per this figure above it is evident that Content aggregation and management from the VC segment depicts dual gap and dual strength with a medium priority and for which the company will require a partnership in UAE. The second segment is transportation and access for which the priority is higher and this will also be abled through partnership. The last segment is service provisioning in which the strength is triple with medium priority and the only solution for its improvement is partnership. Monitor and control In order to monitor and control the marketing plan proposal, it will be expected to focus on the important performance indicators for performance measurement or performance evaluation inclusive of customer satisfaction level and loyalty of brand (Fekih et al 2002). Marketing plan will be controlled by checking the result consistency in alignment with mission, marketing mix, trends in industry and objectives in the company. Monitor and control will further be the responsibility of marketing executives, sales managers, media managers, market research departments and product managers. Marketing and advertisement budget The marketing budget will be allocated as per the following pie chart: Table 2.0: Marketing and advertising budget, 2015-2017 The above picture depicts that the company will spent overall in the marketing and advertisement presentation with a budget kept at 52,380 US dollars only. More will be spent by the company on blogs and sessions that help the company to attract more customers. Conclusion and Recommendation TK MAXX will prove itself to be a successful organization entering into the retail industry as a new company. The products that it offers will have prominent acknowledgment and place in the eyes of the customers only if high quality is maintained (Abdullah 2008). It is recommended that the company should maintain following cost leadership strategy and avoid entering the market without alliance with local retail manufacturers or suppliers. The company has a good brand image in regions such as U.S, UK and Canada. The company can therefore use this brand value to its benefit while expanding to UAE market. References Abdullah, Muhammad M., 2008,The United Arab Emirates: A Modern History,London,Croom Helm. Alkim, H.H., al,2009, The Foreign Policy of the United Arab Emirates,London, Saqi. Anani, A. and Ken, W., 2006, The Early History of the Gulf Arab,London, Longman. Anthony, J.D., 2005,Arab States of the Lower Gul : People, Politics: Petroleum, Washington: Middle East Institute. Azhary, M.S. El, 2013, The Impact of Oil Revenues on Arab Gulf Development, London, Croom Helm. Azzam, Henry T., 2008 The Gulf Economies in Transition,London, Macmillan. Badran, A., 2009 At The Crossroads, Education in the Middle East, New York, Paragon Press. Bahgat, G., 2009 "Education in the Gulf Monarchies: Retrospect and Prospects."International Review of Education. Banna, Hamaid al, 2007 "Teacher Training in the UAE: Problems and Prospects." InHigher Education in the Gulf: Problems and Prospects,ed. K. E. Shaw,101-18. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. Fekih, B., Moulay, C., 2002, "Modern Secondary Education in the United Arab Emirates: Development, Issues and Perspectives." Ed.D dissertation, Temple University. Jarrell, G.A. and Poulsen, A.B. (1989), The Returns to Acquiring Firms in Tender Offers: Evidence from Three Decades, Financial Management, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 12-19. Jinjarak, Y. (2007), Foreign direct investment and macroeconomic risk, Journal of Comparative Economics, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 509-519. Johanson, J. and Vahlne, J.E. (1990), The Mechanism of Internationalisation, International Marketing Review, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 11-24. Kaplan, S. and Weisbach, M. (1992), The success of acquisitions: evidence from divestitures, Journal of Finance, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 107-138. Khotari, S.P. and Warner J.P. (2006), Econometrics of Event Studies, Forthcoming in Handbook of Corporate Finance: Empirical Corporate Finance by B. Espen Eckbo. Kim, W.C. and Hwang, P. (1992), Global Strategy and Multinationals' Entry Mode Choice, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 29-53. Kiymaz, H. and Mukherjee, T.K. (2000), The impact of country diversification on wealth effects in cross-border mergers, Financial Review, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 37- 58. Kiymaz, H. (2004), Cross-border acquisitions of US financial institutions: Impact of macroeconomic factors, Journal of Banking Finance, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1413- 1439. Kogut, B. and Singh, H. (1988), The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 411-432. Koveos, P.E. (1997), International Mergers and Acquisitions: A Review of Some Current Issues, Managerial Finance, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 72-88. Lang, L.H.P., Stulz, R.M. and Walkling, R.A. (1989), Managerial performance, Tobin's Q, and the gains from successful tender offers, Journal of Financial Economics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 137-154. Loderer, M. and Martin, K. (1990), Corporate acquisitions by listed firms: the experience of a comprehensive sample, Financial Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 17-33. Lowinski, F., Schiereck, D. and Thomas, T.W. (2004), The Effect of Cross-Border Acquisitions on Shareholder Wealth - Evidence from Switzerland, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 315-330. Lucks, K. and Meckl, R. (2002), Interntionale Mergers Acquisitions - Der prozessorientierte Ansatz, 1st edition, Heidelberg. MacKinlay, C.A. (1997), Event Studies in Economics and Finance, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 3, no.1, pp. 13-39. Madhok, A. (1997), Cost, Value and Foreign Market Entry Mode: The Transaction and the Firm, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 39-61. Majidi, M. (2007), Cultural Factors in International Mergers and Acquisitions, International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1-17

Erving Presentation Self In Everyday Life †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Qurestion: Discuss About The Erving Presentation Self In Everyday Life? Answer: Introduction The famous socialist Erving Goffman mainly focused on the community world at the micro level to examine the social as well as symbolic communication or interaction among the individuals (Manning, 2013). His book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life signifies the presentation of an individual based on their own operations by comparing their likes with others (Ytreberg, 2016). Goffman mainly presented the idea of theorizing the entire social roles along with the responsibilities of an individual that is present in the society or it can be said in the contemporary society (Malone, 2013). As per the books an individual have the ability to perform certain roles that mainly varies as per their audiences changes (Dolezal, 2017). Mainly this account when an individual has daily interaction with others (Bullingham, Vasconcelos, 2013). Goffman in his book suggests a theory that an individual is engaged in a significant amount of expressive manipulation along several fronts (Leigh, 2017). References Bullingham, L., Vasconcelos, A. C. (2013). The presentation of self in the online world: Goffman and the study of online identities.Journal of Information Science,39(1), 101-112. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/marketing https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0165551512470051 Dolezal, L. (2017). The phenomenology of self-presentation: describing the structures of intercorporeality with Erving Goffman.Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences,16(2), 237-254. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11097-015-9447-6 Hancock, B. H., Garner, R. (2015). Erving Goffman: Theorizing the Self in the Age of Advanced Consumer Capitalism.Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour,45(2), 163-187. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jtsb.12062/full Jacobsen, M. H. (2017). Erving Goffman. InThe Interactionist Imagination(pp. 195-232). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/978-1-137-58184-6_8 Leigh, J. (2017). Recalcitrance, compliance and the presentation of self: Exploring the concept of organisational misbehaviour in an English local authority child protection service.Children and Youth Services Review. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740917303353 Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2014). Stigma and social inequality. InHandbook of the social psychology of inequality(pp. 49-64). Springer Netherlands. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-9002-4_3 Malone, M. (2013).Worlds of talk: The presentation of self in everyday conversation. John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summaryhttps://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=7i6mCK0wf_QCoi=fndpg=PT2dq=Erving+Goffman:+The+Presentation+of+Self+in+Everyday+Lifeots=BBDAQj3NUtsig=nweGaGgUGwP3b4r53rNhaQGVWlg#v=onepageq=Erving%20Goffman%3A%20The%20Presentation%20of%20Self%20in%20Everyday%20Lifef=false Manning, P. (2013).Erving Goffman and modern sociology. John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summaryhttps://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=PbNNCAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Erving+Goffman:+The+Presentation+of+Self+in+Everyday+Lifeots=eFxFRrWg1-sig=EfGjLlzOA-iM-3BcXjMimIOT4xc#v=onepageq=Erving%20Goffman%3A%20The%20Presentation%20of%20Self%20in%20Everyday%20Lifef=false Parker, A., Manley, A. (2017). Goffman, Identity and Organisational Control: Elite Sports Academies and Social Theory.Sociology of Sport Journal, 1-32. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://journals.humankinetics.com/doi/abs/10.1123/ssj.2016-0150 Pescosolido, B. A. (2015). Erving Goffman: the moral career of stigma and mental illness. InThe Palgrave Handbook of Social Theory in Health, Illness and Medicine(pp. 273-286). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137355621_18 Pryor, J. B., Bos, A. E. (Eds.). (2016).Social psychology Perspectives on Stigma: Advances in Theory and Research. Routledge. Retrieved from:https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=jKLsCwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=erving+goffman+theory+of+social+stigmaots=UDxS4I8TAwsig=evTyLhp8zqIiW_6-X-1HWzcGEl4 Ytreberg, E. (2016). Goffman, Erving.The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy. Retrieved from:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect043/abstract;jsessionid=20296D7EAF5263C5D347A30E81E650AF.f04t03?userIsAuthenticated=falsedeniedAccessCustomisedMessage= https://muse.jhu.edu/article/665692/summary

sports Essay Example For Students

sports Essay read and write, the professors who performed the experiment on Charlie,Fay, one of Charlies aquaintances which he meets as the book progresses,and last but not least Algernon. The novel is exciting and contains very original material. The moodswhich are created in the reader, being me, are ones of sorrow, anger, andguilt. One of the elements of the story which contributes greatly to themood the reader experiences would be the plot. In the story, Charlie, issubject to an experiment which increases his intelligence in hopes ofknowing more in the soul purpose of impressing people to gain friends. Unfortunately some of his anticipations were not met. We will write a custom essay on sports specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The main characters in the novel include Charlie, Alice, Algernon, andFay, a character who did not make much of an appearance, but in my eyesbelieved, that she played a very important part in Charlies involvement intrying to sort out his past and figure out his present and future plans. Charlie is a mentally retarded person who has impressing people and gainingfriends as one of his top priorities. He then hears of an experiment whichcould possibly make him smart. He makes himself subject to this humanexperiment with the hopes of gaining knowledge in a sole purpose of gainingfriends. As the book progresses, Charlie goes through dramatic changesmentally, and instead of making him gain friends he actually is looked onin the same way if not worse. For example, at Charlies old work hisfriends made fun of him and enjoyed his company just because Charlie hadamused them. Yet after the operation, Charlie discovers that he had notmade his friends like him more, but in actual fact, had pushed them away. Charlie understood now that his friends had done to him in the past, andstarts to look down upon them. Alice, Charlies teacher, is the person whointroduced Charlie to the idea of giving the experiment a chance. Shebelieves that Charlie has the determination, desire, and will power to makethe experiment work. She then, later on in the book, gets emotionallyinvolved with Charlie and helps Charlie learn more about himself. Algernon, is a lab animal who also has the experiment done on him and asresult makes him smarter than the average mouse. Algernon also plays avery important part in the novel because he represents Charlie andforeshadows what will happen to Charlie later on in the book. Fay, is anartist who certainly has views on life which can be rarely found in anindividual. As the book progresses, Fay, helps Charlie reveal his physicaland emotional capabilities. There are many exciting parts which occur in the book, yet onehowever, in my opinion which proved to be the most memorable would probablybe when he had been trying to find what had gone wrong in the experimentbefore the inevitable happened to him. After he had discovered what hadgone wrong he had started to descend down the escalator of intelligence andattempted to make several desperate attempts to try and walk up anescalator going down. The only thing that I do not agree with is how the book concludes. The conclusion of the book in my eyes leaves the reader hanging like this. If I would make a change I would write about what happened afterCharlie Gordons death. An example of this would be possible progress andsuccess in the field, or maybe because of the events which had occurred inthe past in this field, it was given up for dead, or maybe Fay or Alicehad conceived a child and grew older had pursued his/her fatherstheory/discovery which in turn leads into a sequel. If anyone were to askme if they should read Flowers For Algernon, I would regard it as anexcellent book to read because it makes the reader think of how a mentallyretarded person feels, and mabye will show us a new respect for them. Thisbook has made me realize just how much more determination a mentallyretarded person could possibly have, and makes me realize just how lucky Iam.

Bond, James Bond Essays

Bond, James Bond Essays Bond, James Bond Essay Bond, James Bond Essay Essay Topic: Film Bond films are still popular with cinema audiences, around the world after 35 years. Why? There have been 18 films (all blockbusters) and 6 different Bonds and the same simple plot. How have all these elements kept audiences glued to the screens? Well the simple plot is one of the most important elements of the film. The reason this has kept audiences glued to the screen is because its easy to follow; but doesnt it mean its predictable? Yes it does, but for some people thats whats made the Bond films good. Would a Bond film be a Bond film if there werent a car chase or without Bond defeating the bad guy? If you compare two Bond films the plot is very similar. For example compare Tomorrow never dies and You only live twice. The basic plot of each film is: You only live twice: In this film Bond is shot at the beginning and is said to be dead. This is printed in all the papers across the world. Of course he isnt dead and does a huge stunt to get down to an undercover submarine. The main plot of the film is that the bad guy wants to start a war between Russia and America. How he does this, is to take their space ships and keeps their pilots captive. Bonds mission is to stop him and of course he does. This all takes place in China and a small island off the coast. Tomorrow never dies In this film Bond is trying to stop a man who wants to take control over all the media in the world. He does this by trying to start a war between Britain and China by sinking their ships and submarines, etc. Bonds mission is to stop him. Bond does this by first disguising himself as an employee of the Bad guy. After that has been uncovered he joins up with another agent, who turns out to be the Bond girl, but before that they both nearly die. After theyve joined forces they head for the Bad guys headquarters and destroy it and him. The six Bonds are the next important element of the Bond films. Bond is clever, funny, good looking, classy and British. There have been six Bonds and they were: 1.Sean Connery 2.David Niven 3.George Lazenby 4.Roger Moore 5.Timothy Dalton 6.Pierce Brosnan Sean Connery was the very first Bond to hit the screens in the 1960s. The current Bond is Pierce Brosnan. Each actor who is chosen to play Bond is privileged because hes one of the most popular characters in film. Over the years each Bond has brought new characteristics to the character. Making Bond more intellectual, and better looking! Bond is one of the only characters men want to be and women want to be with. Ian Fleming wrote the Bond stories, but when he died writers such as Roald Dahl took over and wrote Bond scripts. This shows how the Bond stories have kept alive and with different writers writing scripts the stories always had different elements to the main stories. What is it about the Bond films that make them appeal to so many people? Bond films appeal to so many people because theyre not just one genre theyre a mix. A Bond films has aspects of each genre; theres romance with the Bond girl, theres action all through the film with the fight to beat the bad guy, theres adventure in the mission and also theres a bit of sci-fi in the gadgets. How do the films appeal to both men and women? The films appeal to men with the use of action and the beautiful women. How does the film appeal to women? Is it that the James Bond character is so attractive, or the plot? It can be a combination of both. The plot is easy to follow so it will appeal to about anyone and the attraction to Bond is why women want to see the films. Over the years Bond films have changed to suit the changes in society and technology. The special effects, gadgets and camera techniques have changed theyve become bigger, better and more exciting. This is shown when you compare an earlier Bond film to a more recent one. For example in You only live twice the effects arent as clever and technical as they are in Tomorrow never dies. Also the gadgets, which are given to Bond, reflect the technical advantage of the time. For example in the earlier film You only live twice the gadget of the film was a small helicopter, which had a machine gun on the front. In the later film Tomorrow never dies there is more than one gadget. Theres the mobile phone, which can electrocute people, drive Bonds car and track things. There is also the car, which is one of the main gadgets. The car is usually the latest model and always has some concealed weapons and a high Tec security system. As well as the effects and gadgets theres the camera techniques, which have developed. The camera techniques have become quicker, stronger and sharper. Also in each of the shots the mise en scene has become more intense and there have been more elements. Also the stunts have become much more exciting and thrilling. This is to keep the audience on the edge of their seats. Although in the films we expect some sort of chase and Bond always escaping from the Bad guy, the stunts used in these have evolved over the years to become more dangerous and life threatening. Is sexism still present in the Bond films? Sexism has been present in all Bond films but now its not acceptable in our society. In the earlier Bond films the women were more like objects than have anything to do but stand and look pretty. They didnt appear as much in the earlier films but now, because sexism isnt acceptable, they appear a lot more. For example in these two films one in the early 1960s and the other in the late 1990s the role of women is very different, but they still end up being with Bond. In the earlier film with Sean Connery in ( You only live twice), the women in the film have hardly any part in it. The men do the bulk of the acting and the only part the women play is the sex interest between them and Bond. Also the way Bond treats women in the film shows that Bond doesnt think much of them. You can see this in how hes always with one woman after another and how he always flirts with every women especially Miss Moneypenny. Now in the later film with Pierce Brosnan (Tomorrow never dies), the women have more of a part in the film. For example the Bond girl is now an agent instead of just a regular girl. Also M is now a woman, which shows that the films are keeping up with society. There is still some sexism in the film though, because the villain is still a strong, powerful man, and even though 30 years have passed the Bond girl is still a strong element of the film. All the Bond films seem to have the same simple plot. They also have the same aspects in each one as well. For example Bond is now always getting a new and improved car, which has just been or is going to be released in the market. The main elements of the plot in every Bond film are the same. They are: * Traditional theme, logo, single gunshot, with blood. * Bond is almost killed. * Briefing of mission. * New gadgets. * After the Bad guy. * Casino gamble/ game of skill. * Fight with Bad guys henchmen * Bond girl introduced. * Help for Bond (e.g. FBI). * Enemy spots Bond. * Chase * Fallen comrade. * Bad guys headquarters found. * Bond and company captured. * Left to die. * Bond saves self and company. * Final combat. * Bond gets girl. * The end! Also in the films the Bad guy always seems to be from another country, never from England, is that a hint of racism? I am now going to compare the beginning sequences of both films. In the beginning sequence of You only live twice there was minimal effects only a spacecraft, and there were no gadgets, and the opening credits were traditional to Bond films. In the beginning of Tomorrow never dies There was more effects fights, planes, bombs, explosions, missiles and fights in the air. There were also a lot of gadgets CCTV, computers, mini grenades, and data files. The music for the beginning sequences of the films is written especially for the films. It includes the title of the song and hints at the plot of the movie. In all Bond films there is the traditional opening credits in which there are silhouettes of women prancing around the screen. During this the theme song is being played. The opening sequences catch the eye of the audience because it shows you a glimpse of the action and plot of the story. Also if it doesnt catch the eye of the audience they wont want to stay and watch the rest of the film. I have come to the conclusion that James Bond still appeals to cinema audiences because of the way it has evolved over the years. The stunts have become more exciting and the camera techniques, special effects, and gadgets have become bigger and better. Also as different actors play Bond as the years pass he keeps up with society. Also as merchandise is being sold Bond is becoming a brand name. There have been magazines, cards and play sets, secret agent sets, etc. This keeps audiences interested even when there isnt a film out. So as the technologies evolve, the films evolve with it and therefore keeping the audiences interest.

Management and behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management and behaviour - Essay Example I should say that for as long as I can remember, I am not a team player. I prefer working on individual assignments. Working in a group project, therefore, as a requirement for this module was some sort of a struggle for me. This paper is a self-assessment of my team working skills based on how I evaluate my performance in our group project at British Airways. As much as possible, I exerted every possible effort not to compromise the objectivity of the assessment. However, since this is a group project, the assessment is still in relation to how I see myself as a part of the group. The first thing I noticed was that there was difficulty right at the start. It seemed very difficult not just for me but for the entire group to get going. I began to think then that I might be stalling the progress of the group. It was, therefore, a relief that I stumbled upon a book by Levi (2001) which revealed that â€Å"start up-activities take up longer than anticipated †¦ [because] it takes time to decide on the definition and goals of a project and to develop social relations and procedures for effective teamwork† (p. 40). It was also quite a revelation to discover from this reading that the most difficult stage of a group work is the definition of the project itself. For the first time, I was reading a book that I can relate to in real life. I felt an interest in being an active and productive member of a working group. The group was assigned tasks related to booking and reservation with British Airways. We were simply given a list of tasks to complete and we we re on our own. To make the long story short, almost every one in the group would like to take on technical tasks. The first group brainstorming session ended with no tangible results. The same thing happened to the second group session to thresh out problems in the first session. To

Life is beautiful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life is beautiful - Essay Example The belief that the world is beautiful is created by Guido for his son. In response, Giosue does not understand the real situation even unto death. The purpose of the two beliefs in the film is to develop the plot of the film. Without the Giosue belief of a better world, the depiction of the holocaust cannot be illustrated and developed. The different perception of life by Giosue helped develop the plot. It is Guido’s belief that the world may change, but the perception of the human race cannot be hidden even when conducting business. Being a Jew, Guido presents himself as a caring father, but has racism in the way the family business is operated (Benigni). The concentration camp in the main set up of the film. It is based on the execution of the Jews, but Guido ensures that the sons belief in a beautiful world with no problems. The creation of a different view of the world helps in twofold view creation. In conclusion, the film has developed the two fold view by looking at the father and son approach to the world. The beautiful world is created in the son’s view while the real world is depicted in the life

How effetive were the articles of confederation in establishing Assignment

How effetive were the articles of confederation in establishing cohesion between the thirteen states - Assignment Example 22). Articles of Confederation happened to be a written document that laid down the functions of a central government once the United States declared freedom from Great Britain. It brought into existence a frail central government that only partially prevented the individual states from carrying on with their own foreign diplomacy (Anastaplo 2006, p. 22). Articles of Confederation were contrived after the American War of Independence gained momentum. The states began to foresee the advantage of having some sort of a central government that coordinated the war efforts. The Articles of Confederation to a great extent succeeded in creating some sort of cohesion between the thirteen colonies. The Articles of Confederation brought into existence a national government commanding a sovereign authority. The Articles of Confederation also curtailed the rights and authority of the individual thirteen states from carrying on with their own independent foreign policy and foreign diplomacy. However, in a practical context the Articles only succeeded partially in restraining the independent states from doing so. For instance the state of Georgia continued to abide by its own sovereign foreign policy with regards to Spanish Florida (Anastaplo 2006, p. 195). Georgia threatened to annex the disputed territories in case the Spanish officials did not abide by the terms and conditions set by them regarding the belligerent Indian nations and the runaway slaves (Anastaplo 2006, p. 195). The Articles of confederation also prevented the federal government from stopping the landing of convicts which the British government exported to its colonies. Thereby, it does need to be mentioned that i n a practical context the Articles of Confederation did fail in bringing in some kind of steely cohesion between the thirteen states. Besides, the Articles of Confederation were innately replete with many built in flaws that made the

British Language And Culture Changing Customs In India History Essay

British Language And Culture Changing Customs In India History Essay This essay provides investigation of British colonization on India over time with a research question; To what extent British language and culture contributed in change of customs in India? In order to answer this question I have narrowed down my research into few subtopics in order to easily represent facts which were source of change of India and its results. The extent of British influence to India has been dealt with. The British influenced and changed the structure of India before the colonization and still affect it even if it is not always evident. This theme studied and researched in study branches as linguistics, history and law with the main sources for this investigation being anthropological and history books and study cases. Various articles and study cases from British media have been examined as well. Throughout the research, the influence of British colonization to India has generally been displayed more clearly from diachronic research, where in order to understand situation of India and Indians nowadays we have to go back in past and search the reason, source of situation which caused result, India as it is today. Manipulative skills of British were well known as their strategy to control colonised country not only their land but also their minds, the way of their thinking even after they had left. This British strategy/skill affected India most and it may not be seen at first when present India is being watched. However it may be seen and understood when India is studied through diachronically. This is why it may be said that there are no solid evidences of methods how the British influenced India. Seeing them depends on the angle we take. Table of Contents Bibliography 24 Introduction British colonization of India has attracted me since my childhood. Great Britain is a country which has always been taken as an example of a country with a great cultural heritage. On the other side there is India, a country with a great history, lot of religions, colours, music, food- a cradle of civilization. My research question has developed by reading about the books Gardens of Baldapur, Beneath a Marble Sky: A Love Story, India Passion, Diaries of Ana Delgado where the influence of the  [1]  British Raj on the India castes system and the behaviour of maharajahs are described. This essay will investigate how the British colonization influenced various aspects in India with. The follows research question; To what extent British language and culture contributed in change of customs in India? To answer it I have concentrated on a few sub topics. Firstly, I have the historical background has been explored to get a clear image of Britain and India of that time and present India. Secondly, subtopics which are evidences of British influence have been analyzed in depth. Historical background has been used to prove how British did influence India. Case studies with themes from sub topics have been examined. Books Colonialism and its forms of knowledge: the British in India!; Cultural Anthropology A Problem-Based Approach; Cultural Anthropology; History and culture of India; and Five Key Concepts in Anthropological Thinking. Study cases of Somini Sengupta, Indian women careers and British Colonialism and its influence on Indian society were examined. In order to answer my research question I have used encyclopaedias and essays from the internet, books and already done study cases. In essays and books critical overview of this issue is given. All above mentioned literature helped me to better know India as a country, then to examine the period of British colonization and finally to gather enough data to present influences of Britain to India. Historical background: The colonization of Asia by European countries carried diffusion, migration, and colonialism, which created European cultural influence. 2Britain colonized India after defeating Gurkha (1816.), Sindha (1843.) and Sikha (1849.). India is specific by its complicity and mixes of different religions, customs rituals, and languages, which were product of active history, revitalization movements and cultural ecology that were present on the Indian subcontinent. Presence of colonization, Britain (British East India Company) or later British Raj wanted revitalization movements where each religious and ethnic group had to change its rituals while cultural ecology wanted respect towards cultures. India was also attractive to Britain because of its resources and good geostrategic position. The industrial resources abundant of India are cotton, wool, tea, sugar, rice, silks, saltpetre, indigo, opium and metal. Geostrategic ally it was close to many thriving countries of that period and Europeans did not have a good trade with China where opium was illegal India had good relations with China. English language and Britain itself had a major influence in India where changing culture, customs, language, educational and society systems transformed. India may shortly be described by next two quotations; Mark Twain once said: India is the cradle of human race, the birth of speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grandmother of tradition.  [3]   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾The culture of India has been shaped by the long history of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs, traditions and ideas from some of its neighbours as well as by preserving its ancient heritages, which were formed during the Indus Valley Civilization and evolved further during the Vedic age, rise and decline of Buddhism, Golden age, Muslim conquests and European colonization. Indias great diversity of cultural practices, languages, customs, and traditions are examples of this unique co-mingling over the past five millennia. India is also the birth place of several religious systems such as Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, some of which have had a large influence in other parts of the world.   [4]   British culture and Indian cultures have a great contrast between each other. British culture is simpler if compared to Indian culture. Hinduism is polytheistic religion of majority of the Indian population believe in. Indian lifestyle system is formed around castes abolished in 1949. but strongly encoded in the structure of society and the thoughts of people. The word  caste  is derived from the  Portuguese  word  casta, meaning  lineage,  breed  or  race. It is the agency which controls the structure of Hindu society. How did this change when the British colonized-came to India? Law System: The law system in India under the British colonial rule and after would be explained in this paragraph. Firstly, Britain affected the previous structure of the society of India, consisted of maharajas ones who had power over states which they owned composed of Muslims, Sikhs and Hinduists and their presence changed from region to region and maharajas were the ones who were controlling religion masses and deciding about peace. They were making structure of their states so it may function best for each religious group. Maharajas were kings which were core of society if the majority of population of one state were affiliated to one religious group for example Hinduisam then structure of state is going to be organized according to rules of that religion in this case caste system but the minority is also going to live according to their religion rules but also try to adapt to rules of majority. After being under the rule of British Empire since 1858. until 1947.structure of Indian society changed a lot. British are well known by their diplomacy and when they came to India they changed structure society in order to get benefits. Firstly, the maharajas were not kings anymore, they got lower position in the society and they became princes. The highest position had Queen Victoria and by this they were showing their power over Indians. Maharajas did not only lose their position but they also lost their power of ruling over their states and citizens, their each action had to be consulted and permitted by the British government. British allowed Indians to live their lives as they did before only to the extent that it did not violate British customs and law. British did not encourage close relationships between British and Indians. Maharajas were not allowed to visit foreign countries especially European countries without permission of British Raj. British not only controlled their lives as princes but also their personal lives example is when  [5]  Maharaja Sir  Jagatjit Singh Bahadur  of  Kapurthala  wanted to marry his fifth wife Anita Delgado which was Spanish had to take permission from British to be accepted as legal wife even if she was already his legal wife according to Sikhs laws and this marriage did not have permission of British and she never was allowed to participate in gatherings with core of British government. Another example with same maharaja is when he was going on his trip to Europe he had to ask permission for taking his second wife with him and he was not allowed to.  [6]   Indians have been following the British Legal system which made their business relations with British and other International industries easier. This is because Britain colonized more countries than other European countries did and by that structure of their society, governing system, language became used by most of colonized countries. This is reason why British Law System was used. Language and Education: India is country reach in languages the number of individual languages listed for India is 452, of those, 438 are living languages and 14 have no known speakers  [7]  . English has become one of the main languages in India, taught in schools and used widely in business transactions. In order to have easier communication between all parts of India, English and Hindu were chosen as two official languages. English was now a language of India as the whole country and it had broken the language barriers which were present before and also being one of the business languages of the world made and still makes trading much easier. The British knew psychology well; therefore they used it to influence mind and the way of thinking of children rather than trying to influence their parents who had already been mature. The first British schools in India- run by missionaries- were established around 1820, the number of British-education was growing. Indians had set up Hindu Colleges providing English education as well as mathematics, natural sciences and Western philosophy.  [8]   The aim of attending a British school was often the admission to the Indian civil service. The British education was financed by the EIC and later the government and they were neither touching nor supporting the institutions teaching Indian education. As mentioned above, education was the easiest way to get Indians think like the British, because if children of five spend the whole day in atmosphere and surrounding where English is spoken and through the books, then they start behaving as British people and they are becoming British in mind. This example easily may be seen in case of maharajas and their children who were educated in British schools in India or sent to Britain to improve their knowledge. After child grows up and returns to his homeland it does not know much about identity and tradition of India. They only think as they are thought and that is the only way as it is. Maharaja Sir  Jagatjit Singh Bahadur  of  Kapurthala  was one of the maharajas who sent their children to Britain for search of better education but later there arose a big conflict when his children grow up and get back to India, they questioned where they belong because they did not understand tradition of India and its complicity in comparison to Britain were they grew but again they were not accepted there also because they are the Indians. As soon as possible they would become princes they would change the laws which they thought are unimportant to everyone. But society could not function without those laws because maharaja was seeing his state as Britain and he never felt and tried to understand Indian multiculturalism and as society could not function without those laws and were reason of upcoming conflicts. An Indian would first go to a vernacular primary school then to Anglo- vernacular high schools and then after to colleges and few universities which were available in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay. British education produced class of intellectuals who were ready to change subcontinent India. Most of the students were Hindus and many of them Brahmins because Muslims rejected the British educational programs because of injustice which was done to them because of changing Muslim law system Sharia to British law system and before official Mughal emperors Persian language to English. But at the end they were those who lost chance for improving their education this was one of the reasons why conflicts could not be solved. The British rulers found the Muslims generally more suspicious also because considering them more responsible for the  [9]  Sepoy Mutiny in 1857- , led to an unbalanced distribution of British education. Because of higher degree of their education Indians had more power in politics than Muslims did. From this fact it may be seen that politicians were mostly Hindus actually Brahmins highest cast and know it was controlling the political circle and that is how language affected religion and then nationalism. Brahmins encouraged religious reforms as well as political ones. From this fact it may be said that Muslims actually had no relevant class which would represent their ideas and protect their interests so they had no chance for understanding the situation in which they were and this affected much them in periods of struggle for independence. Previously education was seen as boundary between all people on Indian subcontinent but later when they understood the meaning of freedom a nd democracy as well as other Western ideas and values their knowledge become as the basis for later struggle for independence and human rights. Today Indians are one of the best grammatically correct English speakers and they are owners of schools with high degrees and they today have a high percentage of people finished higher educational system. Religion: During their colonial presence the Protestant British had much religious influence on Indian society. Christianity firstly was introduced in 50 A.D. by coming of the Apostle Thomas in order to establish the Christian church.  [10]  Lately came also with Portuguese and British. One of the aims of British was to convert Indians to Christianity it may be seen from condition of independence which was made: Till India is leavened with Christianity she will be unfit for freedom.  [11]   They knew that converting of Indians to Christianity would not be easy because of influence and presence of Muslims. Hindus were very attractive to missionaries in sense that they have already inequality in their religion and imbalance which may be used as argument why they should convert to Christianity. This fact of cast system and untouchables worked because British would give everything what they need to untouchables as equality, education, freedom which they never had before. Missionaries were very successful in their converting and this was one of the reasons of  [12]  Sepoy Munity in 1857. Because soldiers had to fear that the Christian missionaries wanted them to be forced to touch polluted weaponry  [13]  in order to have them expelled from their caste and to convert them to Christianity.  [14]  Missionaries demanded that the government destroy the caste system because it is barrier in between Indian Christians and rest of society. But for British government is w as more important to get profit and then if it is possible convert Indians. Some of Hindus were acting that they converted in order to get benefits there are many examples how they were discovered while they children were going to school and talking about Hindu legends. So at the end there actually made Indian mosaic of cultures more complicated than before and base for nationalism in future. Sports: Cricket was introduced to Indians via British and firstly was played by higher classes and casts. It is now in India as traditional sport and their national team is being arguably the best in the world. Architecture and Transport: British also influenced Indian architecture and transport which was constructed mostly by maharajas which were raised in Britain. Firstly Britain made railways in India because of easier transport of cotton and other textiles. Railways not only were transport lines but they also brought fortune and misfortune to places and states where it was opened. Railways were passing through the land of maharajas so permission was asked and if there would be a railway in one state it would also mean that they are going to have strangers in their state mostly and that they are going to have to care about them. It was also issue while British representatives were coming or even passing special ceremony had to be made but that led to high costs and loses of state budget. As state is available to visitors it was also available to robbers and led to expand of infectious diseases. British introduced secular buildings in neo- classical and neo gothic styles. Their famous creations are Victoria Stationà ‚  [15]  which was made in honour of the British Empress of India. Edwin Lutyens architect planned cityscape in New Delhi.  [16]   Caste System: In the Indian social structure there are four varna or colours which are class categories in the Indian society. Castes are groups in which membership is given at birth and which is lifelong. They are divided in five major categories (varna). Each varna has sub- castes jati. People that belong in one caste, can only marry someone in their castes and this practice is called endogamy. If person form higher castes get in touch with lower castes he becomes impure and has to go and bath in scared river Gang. Also there is Sudras a caste which is the lowest class and they are untouchable because they are considered as nothing, just sand. They are not allowed to be educated and work in anyway except remove dead bodies of animals or repair water sinks which cannot be done by the higher castes. Higher castes were the Brahmins, priests whose life purpose is teaching, and under them were the Kshattriya castes whose members could work as soldiers, politicians, and administrators. There is sometimes a fifth varna untouchables called pariahs or dalit they are at the bottom of the class system. They work as low servants, doing jobs a Hindu is usually forbidden to do, e.g. burying bodies of animals and unclaimed dead humans. They are considered polluted by caste Hindus and these may not have contact with them and they are also called unseen because they work at night. Concept of purity is very important in Hinduism because amount of purity decides in which caste someone belongs. Hindu belief is when one of the higher four varna gets in touch with polluted thing or dalit is temporarily impure and impurity brings bed luck. The main difference between the British and the Indian social values and a central point of influence creating social structure was opposite of British individualism and Indian group behaviour and hierarchy. Structure of these two societies is completely different. In Hindu Society core of society is group and individuals around are struggling to fit in that group were bigger groups are consisting of smaller ones. In period of colonialism Indian side did not have individual identity they had a group identity. Western Society core is person as individual which may be part of group or not and their individualism was always placed above a social group. It is hard to say how strong the British individualistic influence actually was, through it seems to be very likely that it came indirectly to the people of India through the British education. Today is becoming more individualistic society and examples are going to be mentioned in further reading. Hierarchy Hierarchy is very important in Indian society and their hierarchical composition is not common and same as is other societies is. There are three main criteria: first is belonging to one religion group, second status according wealth and profession (materialistic), and then cast system further division also may be done with gender and race. Mostly their social hierarchy over history is formed around religion it may be seen from Moghul Empire and British colonization. There is a group hierarchy then hierarchy within a family age and gender. All these hierarchies are core of their society even today when cast system is forbidden it may be said that it transformed to rigid class system. While India was hierarchical society Britain and Europe were in process of Enlightenment. Queen Victoria announced a declaration of non- interference, constituting that Indian religions and customs would be left alone.  [17]   This statement had fundamental flaw: the British knowledge concerning Indian religion and customs was very limited. Educational programs, the British influenced the Indian society possibly the best way there is without force. The Indians had the chance to experience a more equal treatment and learned in British schools theoretically about it. Lower casts tried to act the behaviour of higher caste people. This act is called Sanskrititazion in order to get upward in class and caste. Sanskrititazion means that people of low status adopt the behaviours and attributes of castes of Brahminical status mentioned in religious texts in Sanskrit.  [18]  By coming of British this act is replaced by westernization were Indians imitate the prestigious Englishmen in order to more upward in the social hierarchy. The census officials were recording a statistical data about Indians they were doing questionnaires which include gender, living condition, nationality, race, tribe, religion and caste. By results of this research they could get whole picture of Indian society. Human rights: India is one of the countries in which this theme is spoken mostly. India has problems with nationalism, racism, gender inequality, death punishment. British rose awareness about human rights by educating Indians. Before and in nowadays still sati ritual is preformed in rural areas that is a ritual were a husband dies his family is allowed to bury his alive wife with him. Hindus are scarifying people for getting a grace of gods. Performance of these rituals is punishable for years but it is still present. Gender inequality also was present but in nowadays women have her freedom and right to chose what she wants and they allowed to work. In some cases permission of parents and husband is needed. Nationalism is present since British colonized India and took maharajas their power of ruling. These problems arose because of setting laws which are not applicable for this complex society and they are given by British. Conclusion To conclude this essay I will repeat the research question and try to answer it from here; To what extent British language and culture contributed in change of customs in India? The British are known for their skillful and strategical ways of fighting. During colonization, many powers invested a lot of money in building memorials and other architecture that resembled their style and culture and in this way they celebrated their accomplishements and made sure everyone knew that they were the ones that are ruling that region. The British, however, did not have that kind of an approach. They invested in colonizing the country (India) when they knew that they would have benefits from that. The British had more strategies and plans for the occupation of the colonized land. For example, the first phase was sending out missionaries that would convert the population of that region into Christians. This strategy was only possible for Sudan but not for India in which religion was the core of society and their attempts at converting were unsuccessful. Their next phase was investing money in building railways where they would be able to export the resources from India to Europe. In addition, they have also invested in education where they would attempt at influencing the Indians minds and their thinking. Because of all these reasons, it was very hard to say and find physical evidence that the British had an impact on India. If we research India today, it is difficult to say if the way India is today is because of the impact of globalization or because of British influence. 19Franz Boas researched movements of people from Europe to America and he said that parents who came from Europe differ from their children who were born in America by the way they act because they did not grow in the same environment, circumstances and family background. From anthropological ideology there have to be something changed through the years in India and even if it is not seen clearly. Also, we cannot find physical evidence of their psyhcological influence if we study and research the present. However, by studying India diachronically and holistically, we would be able to find evidences of British influence. After East India Company, Britsh Raj and all movements for independence final outcome was division of country according to their religion belonging to India Hindu believers and Pakistan Muslim believers. India chose to be a secular country. British made a base for nationalism which arose and made huge conflict between two major religious groups in India. British Raj fall affected India economically and still is affecting. It took a long time for the Indians to come out of poverty. The British looted many natural resources including cotton and wool. Poverty is also present because of huge changes in country their core of society is no more religion and their rules are made according to democracy and human rights. At end I may conclude that British had positive and negative influences on Indian subcontinent but without those influences India would not be what it is today.

How does a permanent magnet work? :: essays research papers

Some materials have a feature known as ferromagnetism. The prefix "ferro" refers to Iron, which is one such material. Ferromagnetic materials have the ability to "remember" the magnetic fields they have been subjected to. An atom consists of a number of negatively charged electrons, orbiting around a positively charged nucleus. These electrons also possess a quantity known as spin, which is roughly analogous to a spinning top. The combination of orbital and spin motions is called the angular momentum of the electron. Angular momentum is perhaps most easily understood in the case of the Earth: The earth spins about a central axis, which means it at has an angular momentum around that axis. The planets also have an angular momentum as they revolve about the sun. Now, the angular momentum of an electron is a vector quantity, meaning it has direction. The motion of the electron produces a current, which in turn generates a tiny magnetic field in the direction given by the angular momentum. Thus an atom can behave like a dipole, meaning "two poles". The direction of the orbital and spin angular momentum of the electron determine the direction of the magnetic field for the electron and the entire atom, thus giving it "north" and "south" poles. Different atoms have different arrangements of electrons into their orbits, and thus have different angular momenta and dipolar properties. A ferromagnetic material is composed of many microscopic magnets known as domains. Each domain is a region of the magnet, consisting of numerous atomic dipoles, all pointing in the same direction. A strong magnetic field will align the domains of a ferromagnet, or in other words, magnetize it. Once the magnetic field is removed, the domains will remain aligned, resulting in a permanent magnet. This effect is known as hysteresis. Few materials are actually ferromagnetic; however, all substances have a diamagnetic nature. Diamagnetism means that the molecules within a substance will align themselves to an external magnetic field. The external magnetic field induces currents within the material, which in turn result in an internal magnetic field in the opposite direction. This effect is usually quite small and disappears when the external magnetic field is removed. Some materials are paramagnetic. This is the case when the orbital and spin motions of the electrons in a material do not fully cancel each other, so that the individual atoms act like magnetic dipoles.

Fdi in Lithuania

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests its resources in business activities outside its country (Hill, 2002, pp. 8). This essay will critically evaluate the impact of inward FDI in an emerging economy of Lithuania. First it will be looked at the impact of FDI on technological development and its importance for a country, particularly in Lithuania. Further discussion will be carried to effects on competition and its development, some negative side effects will be mentioned. Later it will be looked at what effect FDI has on Lithuanian national sovereignty and autonomy. Finally conclusions will be provided. Technological diffusion plays central role in the process of economic development (Borensztein, 1995). Emerging economies domestic growth rates are highly dependent on the growth rates of the rest of the world. Therefore, economic growth rates of emerging economies such as Lithuania depends on the extent of a â€Å"catch-up† process in level of technology by adopting and implementing it from leading countries such as for example United States. The main reason is that developing countries lack their own resources in developing own indigenous product and process technology. Such countries must rely on FDI by advanced industrialized nations and multinational corporations (MNCs) for much of technology required to stimulate economic growth. Findlay (1978) claims that FDI increases the rate of technical progress in the host country. Lets look at the example of Mazeikiu Nafta – the largest oil refinery complex in the Baltic region. Lithuania was not able to keep up with technological advances, therefore from early 1980 it had to trust on FDI from other countries. Back then with help of Soviet Union it was one of most modern oil refineries. Later on after the collision of Soviet Union Lithuania was unable to keep up with technological changes so it started inviting foreign investors. One of them was US based MNC Williams International, which promised reconstructing the refinery. However due to legal reasons acquisition was stopped and new investor from Russia came. Yukos promised to modernize and bring Mazeikiu Nafta’s production to western markets. One of the biggest project’s with Yukos was the completion of Bugtine Terminal for crude oil export and import. One of other positive contributions of FDI to a host economy is the upply of capital, management techniques and skills. MNCs have world vide access to individuals with more advanced skills and knowledge. Local employees can easily transfer knowledge and skills from more advanced companies to local firms or even set their own firms. New organizational practices and management techniques are also brought to country with FDI. Local firms copy them in no time. This happened in Lithuania. Latvian company â€Å"Double-Coffee† opened their restaurant in Lithuania, because there was a good market opportunity as there were no other coffee shops. Pretty soon there were other local coffee restaurants and coffee shops that opened for instance â€Å"Coffee Inn†. This was a clear result of knowledge transfer by FDI. FDI by Latvian company had an effect on competition and economic growth of the industry. Adequate level of competition leads to efficient functioning of a market. With different coffee shop brands in Lithuania consumer choice has increased, therefore prices have been driven down this way the economic welfare of consumers was increased. Increased competition tend to stimulate capital investments by firms in plants, equipment, and R&D as they struggle to gain an edge over their rivals (Hill, 2002, p217). FDI in coffee shop industry had a positive impact on service quality, because here export was not an option so it had to be produced where it is delivered. Despite all the positive effects FDI had some negative ones too. In grocery store market some foreign MNCs came into the country which have greater economic power than some local ones. Swedish â€Å"Rimi Baltic† was one of the first big MNCs to come into this sector, then â€Å"IKI† followed. They have â€Å"crowded out† local grocery store â€Å"Lenstata†. â€Å"Lenstata† was unable to reach maturity for full competitiveness against foreign competition, the maturig process also didn’t take that long so that the discounted preset social costs could outweigh the social benefits. Other small town local shops were also crowded out because they simply couldn’t offer same variety of goods. Crowding out in this sector in Lithuania can impose a long-term cost on its economy it if holds back the development capabilities or retards the growth of local innovative base. FDI in Lithuania has some negative impacts on national sovereignty and autonomy. FDI from Yukos, â€Å"Rimi Baltic† or other MNCs can cause some loss of economic independence. Key decisions that may affect economy are now made by MNCs controlling such important sectors as for example oil refinery or grocery store industry. The concern is that the governments has no real influence over this. For such as small economy a Lithuania’s this is a threat, because foreign MNCs have no real commitment to the country, however very real impact on its economy. To conclude, this essay has looked at what impact does FDI have on Lithuanian emerging economy. Using various sources evidence was provided to support statement that technological development has an effect on countries overall development. The case of â€Å"Mazeikiu nafta† was mentioned, evidence on what impact foreign MNCs on company’s technological development have was provided. Further discussion was brought to economic impact, example of what positive impact did FDI from Latvian MNC have on Lithuanian coffee market was given. Negative impacts on the economy of Lithuania were also mentioned and the example of grocery stores was provided. References: Borensztein, E. & De Gregorio, J. Lee, J-W. , (1998). â€Å"How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth? † Journal of International Economics, vol. 45(1), pages 115-135 Coffee Inn, (http://coffee-inn. lt/blog/apie) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] Double Coffee , (http://www. doublecoffee. lv/eng/company/history/) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] Hill, Charles W. L. (2009) International Business: Competing in the G lobal Marketplace, 7/E, McGraw-Hill Irwin. Lideika, Petrauskas and Valiunas, Doing business in Lithuania (http://www. lexmundi. com/images/lexmundi/PDF/guide_lithuania. pdf) [Accessed: 30/11/2009] Mazeikiu nafta AB annual report, (http://www. orlenlietuva. lt/repository/pdf/reports/Annual99. pdf) [Accessed: 07/12/2009] Mazeikiu Nafta (http://www. randburg. com/li/maznafta. html) [Accessed: 07/12/2009] New Nations, (http://www. newnations. com/Archive/2002/November/lt. html) [Accessed: 07/12/2009] OECD, Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment, Volume 13, Lithuania RIMI Lietuva, (http://www. rimi. lt/apie-rimi/rimi-lietuva/rimi-istorija/199) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] UAB â€Å"IKI† (http://www. iki. lt/lt. php/apie/dabar) [Accessed: 05/12/2009] World Investment Report (1999), UNCTAD.